Journal of Peoples University of Medical & Health Sciences Nawabshah. (JPUMHS)

AI TOOLS IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITIES: REVOLUTIONIZING HEALTHCARE EDUCATION

Anwar Ali Jamali — 2024-10-09

Artificial intelligence (AI) has progressive from
skill narrative to practical submissions that
have the possible to alteration publics survives
in new ages. This is not ever additional obvious
than in the medical trade, where artificial
intelligence (AI) tackles are not only changing
sick person management but also medical
education. AI-driven skills are being combined
into medical institutes all over the ecosphere to
change the way that wishful doctors, nurses, &
additional healthcare employees are trained.
This inventiveness potentials to yield a novel
group of doctors who are additional ready to
encounter the needs of modern healthcare.

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF FOOD SAFETY FROM STREET FOOD HANDLERS

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: The Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Food Safety from Street Food
Handlers aims to investigate the safety measures taken by vendors in the crowded city of Lahore, where street
food is a staple. The goal of this study is to learn more about street food handlers' knowledge, attitudes, and
practices regarding food safety. By examining these factors, the research seeks to identify potential gaps and areas
for improvement in ensuring the well-being of consumers. The goal is to inform policymakers and health
authorities about critical areas that require intervention, ultimately contributing to Lahore's safer and healthier
street food culture. METHODOLOGY: It is a cross-sectional study, and the participants were selected using a
convenient sampling technique. A study was carried out in Lahore between March and June of 2022 at Anarkali
Street Food and Garhi Shahu Bazaar. Two hundred responders who were street food handlers and willing to
participate in the research were included. Informed consent forms were obtained from all street food handlers. We
were present to answer their doubts about any point during the completion of the questionnaire, and questions
were verbally translated into Urdu. Responses were gathered using a structured questionnaire that included
questions about demographic details and KAP statistics of food handlers. The SPSS software was used to get the
mean scores from the data. To statistically evaluate the responses of food handlers, descriptive statistics were
utilized. RESULTS: The findings revealed that a considerable percentage of food handlers had poor FSK
(4.63+2.71, 43.6%) but with low values of FSA (11.09±2.63, 68.7%) and FSP (6.78±3.01, 61.6%) with acceptance
level. CONCLUSION: Food handlers need training to learn more about food safety, change their attitudes and
intentions, and help them become more committed to putting what they've learned into practice. Knowledge that
explains how to complete their tasks must be emphasized in training. The Punjab Food Authority, food service
management, and food safety trainers will benefit from this study's information on the level of food safety
knowledge, attitude, and practice among food handlers at street food outlets in Lahore.

ASSOCIATION OF KINESIOPHOBIA WITH QUALITY OF LIFE IN ELDERLY BACKACHE PATIENTS.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: The study aim to determine the relationship between kinesiophobia and quality of life in
older back pain patient’s Kinesiophobia, is a state in which an individual has an excessive, illogical, and
debilitating dread of physical movement and exercise as a result of a fear of painful injury. Fear was identified
in clinical settings as a significant feature of patients' impairment that has to be addressed to have a good outcome
since it impacts rehabilitation efforts. METHODOLOGY: This analytical study consist of 138 elderly patients
with Low back pain recruited from February 2021 to August 2021 at Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center CH.
Muhammad Akram Teaching & Research Hospital Lahore. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) was used to
examine fear of movement & the levels of pain associated fear of activity or re-injury. The QOLS scores were
used to examine Quality of life. RESULTS: Most participants (59.9%) experienced back pain for over 3 months,
with 20.3%having back pain lasting 3-6 months. A significant majority (68.8%) showed kinesiophobia. on
average, participants had a moderate quality of life (QOL) score of 64.4 out of 112, and a kinesiophobia mean
score of 49out of 68.the analysis revealed a strong negative correlation (P value 0.000, R value -.983) between
kinesiophobia and quality of life indicating that increased kinesiophobia is associated with a decreased in quality
of life Conclusion: This study concluded that there is strong negative correlation between kinesiophobia and
quality of life. Increasing the kinesiophobia decreases the quality of life. Hence alternate hypothesis is
confirmed.

ATTITUDE OF PHYSIOTHERAPISTS TOWARDS DISABLED PERSONS

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: Attitude is a point of view of some one about unspecified thing. Attitude is a
reflecting tool which presents our personality and response towards something or someone which based
on knowledge and experience or the personal thoughts. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to
assess the response of physiotherapist towards disabled person. METHODS: A Cross sectional study was
conducted over two thirty eight participants. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. And data
was collected form physiotherapists (students and professionals) of different private and government sector.
Overall response of physiotherapists was obtained. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Attitude towards
disabled person (ATDP Form O) scale was used to assess the attitude towards disabled person. Attitude towards
disabled person scale (ATDP Form O) is used for one-dimensional attitude and consists of 20 item scale.
RESULTS: Out of total 238 participants 216 (90.4%) were those who showed positive attitude towards disabled
person and 22 (9.2%) were those who showed negative attitude. In this study overall a very positive response of
physiotherapists was obtained towards disabled person. CONCLUSION: In this study positive response was
obtained by physiotherapists towards disabled person who showed the professional attitude of physiotherapists
towards their patients. And further investigation is required to assess what disabled person thought about
physiotherapist’s response towards them.

EATING PATTERN AND ABO BLOOD GROUP: A RIGOROUS EXAMINATION BY SCOFF QUESTIONNAIRE IN THE FEMALE RESIDENTS OF HYDERABAD, PAKISTAN.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: The significance of determining the frequency of blood typing in various diseases and eating
habits grew after Landsteiner's 1901 discovery of human genetic differences in blood typing. OBJECTIVES:
The aim of the study is thus to find out any relationship between different blood groups and eating disorder.
METHODOLOGY: The significance of determining the frequency of blood typing in various diseases and
eating habits grew after Landsteiner's 1901 discovery of human genetic differences in blood typing. RESULTS:
The eating disorders were recognized by Scoff’s questionnaire. The statistical analysis was done on Graph Pad
Prism9.the statistics and contingency options were explored to obtain P value. When normal menstruating women
were compared to menopausal women, the prevalence of blood groups was 23% and 20% for A blood typing,
19.9% and 18.8% for B blood typing, 3.3% and 6.1% for AB Blood typing, and 13.8% and 14.3% for blood type
O. Rh positive in typical female was 46.4% and 49.2% in menopausal ladies while Predominance of Rh negative
was 3.3% and 1.1%. The study demonstrates the likelihood of an association between the aforementioned groups
and the prevalence of blood typing.

EFFECTS OF HEAT AND COLD THERAPY ON KNEE PAIN IN AMONG FEMALES WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2024-06-30

causing inflammation, pain, and potential joint damage. With a global prevalence of approximately 1%,
rheumatoid arthritis places a considerable burden on individuals and healthcare systems alike. So aimed to
evaluate the effectiveness of hot pack and cold pack therapies in managing pain among female patients with RA.
METHODS: A total of 34 participants were randomly assigned to either Group A (hot pack therapy) or Group B
(cold pack therapy). The primary outcome measure was pain, assessed using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale
(NPRS). Pain scores were recorded before and after the treatment sessions. Data was analyzed through SPSS 20
version. RESULTS: Both hot pack and cold pack therapies led to a significant reduction in pain scores within
their respective groups. Group A showed a mean NPRS score decrease of 1.17 after treatment, while Group B
experienced a remarkable mean decrease of 4.41. Between-group comparison indicated that cold pack therapy
was more effective in achieving pain relief compared to hot pack therapy. The mean difference in NPRS scores
between Group A and Group B after treatment was 2.82. CONCLUSIONS: Both hot pack and cold pack therapies
are effective in reducing pain in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the knee. However, cold pack therapy
appears to be more effective in achieving greater pain relief compared to hot pack therapy. The study demonstrates
the potential benefits of incorporating non-pharmacological approaches, such as hot and cold therapy, into pain
management strategies for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis of the knee.

RELATIONSHIP OF VITAMIN D LEVELS AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

2024-06-30

OBJECTIVE: To find out relationship between vitamin D levels and glycemic control in patients with type-2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM) STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF THE
STUDY: The department of medicine at PMCH from January 2021 to December 2021. MATERIAL AND
METHODS: A total of 195 T2DM patients of both genders aged 18 to 70 years were enrolled. All these patients
were evaluated for their HbA1c levels along with 25 (OH)D levels. Demographical data along with clinical
characteristics were recorded at the time of enrollment. All the patients were further divided in 2 groups as good
glycemic control (GGC) as HbA1c below 7.0% or poor glycemic control (PGC) as HbA1c above or equal to 7.0%
and compared in terms of demographic and laboratory parameters. RESULTS: Out of a total of 195 patients,
there were 112 (57.4%) male. Overall mean age was noted to be 47.82+7.0 years. There were 138 (70.8%) patients
having PGC while 57 (29.2%) had GGC. The 25 (OH)D was significantly low among patients with PGC versus
GGC (p<0.0001). Significantly more patients with GGC had sufficient levels of 25 (OH)D in comparison to PGC
(54.4% vs. 20.3%, p<0.00001). CONCLUSION: Poor glycemic control was found to have linkage with vitamin
D deficiency while inverse relationship was seen between levels of HbA1c and vitamin D among patient having
T2DM.

COSMETIC OUTCOME OF DERMOFAT GRAFT TO ANOPHTHALMIC ORBIT

Naz Ullah1, Samina Karim2, Asna Tahir3, Rafiq Mohammad4, Israr, Sohail5 — 2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: As a severe and uncommon kind of eye absence, anophthalmia presents challenges
for oculoplastic surgery due to potential consequences for both function and appearance. Dermofat graft
(DFG)1 is a novel technique for anophthalmic orbit repair that offers advantages in terms of both
appearance and functionality. However, literature demonstrating long-term cosmetic results is scarce to
date and thus further studies are warranted. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cosmetic outcome of
dermofat graft (DFG) to treat anophthalmic orbit, in order to achieve a natural orbital reconstruction
with acceptable facial appearance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This Prospective cohort study was
carried out at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from June 2021 to December 2023. Twenty-seven
adults 18-65 years of age with unilateral anophthalmia were enrolled. All of the dermofat graft surgeries
were performed under general anesthesia. Data was collected through preoperative assessment,
intraoperatively and monitor of post-operative evaluation at monthly intervals up to 06 months.
Descriptive statistics: Student T test was used for the analysis of continuous variables and frequency
distributions were calculated in terms of percentages to compare groups using SPSS 23.0. RESULTS:
Twenty-four (88.9%) of 27 patients were ultimately functional successes and cosmetically satisfied with
their eye prosthesis following dermofat grafting. At 6 month follow up, cosmetic improvements were
maintained in 92.5% of cases with minimal complications reported. Perhaps most remarkably, patient
satisfaction with cosmetic results was a robust 91.7%. Of the 27 patients, three (11.1%) were managed
by enucleation and 24 (88.9%), by evisceration. CONCLUSION: Dermofat grafts in anophthalmic
orbit reconstruction lead to satisfactory functional results with marked improvement cosmetically and
excellent patient satisfaction. Cosmetic outcomes were further enhanced by combining grafts with
orbital implants.

EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN OXIDATIVE STRESS AND DIABETES: BIOCHEMICAL INSIGHTS

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: The study was aimed to evaluate the link between Oxidative Stress and diabetes and to
determine the possible levels of antioxidant enzymes and levels of gene expression between control and diabetic
induced male albino wistar rats. METHODOLOGY: Diabetes was induced by injecting single low-dose
streptozotocin along with providing high fats diets in the experimental group whereas in the control group standard
feeding protocol was employed. The analyses of the outcome measures were performed twice at baseline and after
6 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: Diabetic group had shown higher levels of gene expression of an oxidative
damage marker, indicating increased OS and cellular damage. The discoveries uncovered that the outflow of
qualities encoding cell reinforcement catalysts was downregulated in the diabetic gathering, demonstrating a
misfortune in cancer prevention agent safeguard. These outcomes gives proof at the degree of sub-atomic
pathways that make sense of diabetes' irregularity between cell reinforcement safeguards and oxidative harm,
stressing the basic job of operating system in illness movement. CONCLUSION: Taking everything into account,
the research center based exploratory review utilizing a creature model of diabetes has given new data on the
association among operating system and diabetes mellitus. The discoveries feature operating system's essential
capability in the beginning and movement of diabetes, particularly when cell reinforcement safeguard components
are powerless. The intricate link between OS and diabetes inflammation is made clear by the fact that diabetics
have downregulated genes for antioxidant enzymes and increased inflammatory markers.

EFFECTS OF ESCITALOPRAM IN COMBINATION WITH VITAMIN C, VITAMIN E AND LEVOSULPRIDE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to provide light on the possible effects of antidepressants,
especially Escitalopram, on the lipid profiles of persons suffering from depression, both as a solo treatment and
in conjunction with adjuvant medicines such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and levosulpiride. METHODOLOGY:
Study consist of four groups Escitalopram alone (Group A), Escitalopram + Vitamin C, Vitamin C + Vitamin E
and Vitamin C+ levosulpride given to patients with dyslipidemia and depression. The findings were analyzed on
lipid profile levels after two months of intervention RESULTS: In comparison to control group the levels of lipid
profile including total cholesterol levels, LDL levels, Triglyceride levels, and Very low density lipoprotein levels
were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the treatment group whereas levels of High density lipoprotein were found
to be significantly increase (p<0.05) in the treatment group in comparing to control group CONCLUSION: This
study explores the manner in which alternative Escitalopram therapies and dietary supplements (Vitamin C,
Vitamin E, and Levosulpride) affect the lipid profiles of depressed individuals.

PATHOGENS CAUSING NEONATAL SEPSIS AT MCH HOSPITAL NAWABSHAH.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND : A particular kind of neonatal illness known as "neonatal sepsis" occurs when a newborn infant
has a bacterial blood stream infection (BSI) accompanied by a fever, such as meningitis, pneumonia,
pyelonephritis, or gastroenteritis. Neonatal sepsis is often referred to as "sepsis neonatorum" in older texts.
Clinically, criteria concerning hemodynamic compromise or respiratory failure are useless since these symptoms
often do not appear in newborns until death is certain and cannot be avoided. Early-onset sepsis (EOS) and lateonset sepsis (LOS) are the two subtypes of neonatal sepsis. Sepsis that manifests during the first 72 hours of life
is referred to as LOS, while sepsis that manifests after 7 days (or 72 hours, depending on the system employed) is
referred to as EOS. In underdeveloped nations, neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of infant mortality in both
hospitals and communities. OBJECTIVES: To identify the causative organism among neonatal sepsis maternal
MCH Hospital Nawabshah. MATERIAL METHODS: STUDY SETTINGS: The study was conducted at Paeds
Ward of MCH Nawabshah, SBA. Study Population: Data was collected from patients at MCH Nawabshah, SBA.
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-Sectional Study. Duration of study: June 2023-December 2023. SAMPLE SIZE: 285
RESULTS: E Coli was found in 90(31.5%), Klebshiella in 37 in 13%, S.Aureus in 18(6.3%), H.influenza in
15(5%), Pseudomonas Aueroginosa in 4 (1.4%), Group B Streptococcus in 30(10.5%) and V. Streptococcus in
6(2.3%). Total patients in which blood culture was positive were 200(70%) and 85(30%) had no growth.
CONCLUSION: It is concluded that neonatal sepsis is more common in low birth weight and most of neonates
were premature (before 37 weeks of gestation). E. coli and Staph Aureus were the most common organism
involved in developing neonatal sepsis.

ASSOCIATION OF FOOT PAIN AND HEEL HEIGHT AMONG HEALTH CARE STUDENTS

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: High heels shoes (HHS) are worn by a lot of women all over the world, Wearing high
heels is often a part of women’s style. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of foot pain, the use of
different heel heights among healthcare students, and the association between foot pain and heel height.
METHODOLOGY: The quantitative cross sectional study was conducted in Sindh from December 2023 to May
2024. 427 health care students participated in the study by means of convenience sampling technique. Data was
collected using foot health status questionnaire to measure frequency of foot pain and self-generated questionnaire
to determine frequency of wearing heel of different categories among health care students respectively. Data was
analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21. Demographic data was analyzed
by descriptive statics and expressed as mean, standard deviation which was presented in tabulated form. Chi
Square test was used to find association between foot pain and heel height. RESULTS: The study sample
comprised of 427 health care students mean age of students was 21.7±1.8. Among the participants, 47.5% reported
no pain, 24.8% had very mild pain, 61.8% wore flat heels, and 28.6% wore low heels. CONCLUSION: The study
found no significant correlation between foot pain and heel height among healthcare students.

PREVALENCE OF ACUTE RENAL INJURY (ARI) AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY AT CONDUCTED AT TERTIARY CARE CARDIAC SETTING IN KARACHI.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke) is commonly recognized
as the leading cause of mortality not just in the Western world, but also globally, accounting
for a whopping 44% of total fatalities. Acute kidney Injury (AKI) is a common and significant
prognostic complication of heart surgery. The total mortality rate following open-heart surgery
is between 2 and 8%. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Acute renal injury (ARI)
after cardiac surgery at conducted at National Institute of Cardiovascular diseases, Karachi.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at
National Institute of Cardiovascular diseases, Karachi. Using a non-probability consecutive
sampling technique 108 patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included in the study.
RESULTS: The mean age was 62.5 ± 9.2 years, mean BMI was 28.2±7.5 and creatinine level was
1.89±0.54 mg/dl. Out of 108patients 5(4.63%) who underwent found to have post- surgery acute renal
injury. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that acute renal failure following heart surgery is a
prevalent outcome in our study population, but it is only mild to moderate in the majority of patients.

TO ANALYZE PAKISTANI CHILDREN UNDER 2 YEARS OF AGE CONSUME FOOD GROUPS HIGH IN ENERGY AND LOW IN MICRONUTRIENTS.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: In Pakistan, the prevalence of malnutrition is very common in children. In
youngster’s, studies conducted on food consumption permits propose methodologies on
bolstering to enhance their nutritious status. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to assess
the consumption of beverages and food groups high in energy and low in micronutrients in
Pakistani children < 24 months of age. METHOD: A cross sectional study (n=548) conducted
in 2023 in different hospitals of Lahore, Gujranwala and Sheikhupura targeting children < 24
months of age. The tool use to obtain dietary information was 24 hour dietary recall. The total
food intake was categorized into 17 groups. Utilization was evaluated in milliliters or grams,
kilocalories every day, and rate of vitality (PE) every day. The total food intake of every child
was calculated for every nutritional category and stratified by age (less than 6 months, 6-11
months and 12 to 23 months) and if they are breastfed or not breastfed. Contrasts in the utilization
of nourishment gatherings were analyzed by the status of breastfeeding, territory of home (rural
or urban), and financial status (SES) by the mean of Linear regression balanced for age, status of
breastfeeding, and review plan of survey designed. RESULTS: According to this survey, about
43% of the children are breastfed. While no. of children <6 months of age consuming infant
formula is 43 % which is considered a larger percentage as breastfed children overall from 0-23
months are consuming breast milk. The percentage of nondairy sugar sweetened beverages
among children is very low about 1%. The PE of cereal based preparations is very high in urban
areas about 40 % and maize based preparations are very high in rural areas. Sweetened cereal
consumption is very high in high socioeconomic status children which is about 50% than middle
and low socioeconomic children which is about 20% and 10% consumption of sweetened cereals.
CONCLUSION: According to survey conducted in Pakistan the children under the age of 2
years about 23 months are at high risk of malnutrition and they do not consume the food as
recommended as the under and overconsumption of food is now leading to malnutrition,
maladapted practices like consumption of water and other complementary foods in children 0-6
months is also leading to malnutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight
children.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISCERAL ADIPOSITY, HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, AND GLUCOSE PARAMETERS IN NON-DIABETIC ADULT MALES.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: Visceral obesity, which is defined as extra adipose tissue accumulation around organs
present in the abdominal cavity is also called central/abdominal obesity and glucose parameters with visceral
adiposity among obese/non-obese healthy adult males aged between 30-50 years. METHODS: A total of
118 adult males took part in this case-control study by the random selection method, Visceral obesity was
obtained by the BIA method, and body composition was assessed by WHR (waist to hip ratio), and BMI
(body mass index). Hematological parameters including complete cell count, hemoglobin & derivatives,
glycemic parameters serum HbA1c and Random blood sugar were done. This study used independent t-tests,
chi-square testing, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis, with an alpha threshold of 0.05 being
considered significant. RESULTS: Comparative hematological parameters between obese and non-obese
show great diversity, mean hemoglobin in the obese group is 14.37 ± 1.0, and in the non-obese is 15.1 ± 1.48
along with significant variation in hemoglobin derivatives and RBC count In Leukocyte count mean
neutrophils which are 59.08 ± 8.11 shows the significant difference when compared with an opposite group
which is 55.52 ± 7.77. Hb is negatively correlated with visceral obesity in the control group (P = 0.03, r =
0.19) HCT (P = .006, r = - 0.2511), RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were also negatively correlated. Among
White blood cells neutrophils and lymphocytes were positively correlated with VA (P = 0.54, r = 0.05),
Platelet (P =0.61, r =-0.046), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.0165, r =0.2204). A significant
positive correlation was also shown between Hba1c with visceral obesity, (P = .0001, r = 0.51). In regression
analysis, the similarly negative coefficients -.048, -.223, -.118, and -18812.9 for Hb, HCT, MCH, and PLT
show that these blood measurements fall as visceral fat levels rise and increased visceral fat positively
predicted increased HbA1c with coefficient 0.61. CONCLUSION: Increased visceral fat regardless of age
can lead to disturbed blood parameters and impairment in glucose metabolism in non-diabetic apparently
healthy adults. The study's limitations, however, are the limited sample size and potential confounding
variables that were not considered.

BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF STRESS-INDUCED HYPERTENSION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2024-06-30

Background: Medical students are exposed to significant stress, potentially leading to hypertension. This study
aims to identify biochemical and physiological predictors of stress-induced hypertension among medical students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 300 medical students was conducted. Participants were categorized
into high-stress and low-stress groups based on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores. Physiological measurements,
including blood pressure (BP), heart rate variability (HRV), and pulse rate, were recorded. Biochemical markers
such as salivary cortisol, urinary catecholamines, and oxidative stress markers (MDA and antioxidant enzymes)
were analysed. Correlations between stress levels and these markers were assessed. Results: The high-stress group
showed significantly higher systolic BP (130.1 mmHg vs. 117.8 mmHg, p < 0.001) and diastolic BP (83.4 mmHg
vs. 75.2 mmHg, p < 0.001), lower HRV (35.4 ms vs. 50.2 ms, p < 0.001), and elevated pulse rate (82.7 bpm vs.
72.1 bpm, p < 0.001). They also had elevated cortisol levels, higher catecholamine excretion, and increased
oxidative stress. Significant correlations were found between PSS scores and systolic BP (r = 0.61, p < 0.001),
cortisol levels (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), and oxidative stress markers (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Conclusion:
High stress in medical students is associated with increased BP, elevated stress hormones, and greater oxidative
stress, underscoring the need for stress management interventions.

EFFECT OF GARCINIA CAMBOGIA ON HISTOPATHOLOGICAL OUTCOMES OF PANCREATIC CELLS IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC ALBINO RAT.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus, is a prevalent metabolic condition categorized by
continual hyperglycemia due to either impaired insulin secretion or resistance, has a high
prevalence across Southeast Asia—most notably in Pakistan. As such nations work fervently
to control the disorder, scientists have begun exploring the potential of Garcinia cambogia
extract to help regulate blood sugar levels. OBJECTIVE: In this investigation, researchers
concentrated on GcE's impacts on pancreatic β-cell mass and islet morphology in diabetic rats
highlighting the need for further research in alternative therapies for DM. METHODS The
investigation was designed as a pre-clinical experiment carried out over a twelve month
duration at the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Basic Medical Sciences
Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. A total of sixty young male albino
Wistar rats were split into three sets which were induced to develop diabetes using Alloxan.
The animals received differing doses of extracts derived from Garcinia cambogia termed GcE
across an eight week timeframe. At the end of the defined experimental interval, the rats were
anesthetized, sacrificed, and blood specimens were drawn to quantify fasting serum insulin
levels under sedation. RESULTS: The mean weight significantly increased in Group C with a
mean value of 304.95±35.15 gm as compared to group A and B with mean value of
292.05±43.15 gm and 294±50.16 gm respectively. Group C showed a significant increase in β
cell mass (355±55 units) compared to Groups A (280±35 units) and B (275±40 units), with
improved islet shape (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The study concludes that Garcinia cambogia
extract shows promise in enhancing pancreatic β-cell mass and islet morphology in diabetes,
suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE PROBABILITY OF ADVERSE POSTOPERATIVE INCIDENCE AND RELATED FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH APPENDICITIS.

2024-06-30

BACKGROUND: As appendicitis is a surgical emergency, an appendix that is inflamed may need
to be removed. The unfavorable outcomes could include perforation, appendicular abscess, and
even death if left untreated. OBJECTIVE: In order to explore poor outcomes and associated
factors among patients who had appendicitis surgery, this study was carried out. METHODS: A
retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 121 patients who underwent appendicitis
surgery between September 1, 2022, and July 30, 2023. A checklist was used to gather data. For
data entry and analysis, Epi-data and SPSS version 25 were utilized, respectively. Utilizing a
binary logistic regression model, independent factors were found. The statistical significance of
factors was set at p <0.05. RESULTS: Nine patients did not recover fully among the 121 who had
surgery for acute appendicitis. Wound infection was the most common postoperative condition,
despite one sepsis-related death being reported. CONCLUSION: There was a high risk of an
adverse outcome from acute appendicitis in this study. More than 10% of cases of appendicitis
resulted in adverse events. A mass in the lower right quadrant, being hospitalized for more than
three days, living outside of the hospital setting area, and having a long record of sickness were
the risk factors for appendicitis. However, females were less likely to experience negative
outcomes from the condition.

CERVICAL ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Raana Bibi Niazi — 2024-06-30

Less than 0.1% of pregnancies result in ectopic cervical pregnancy (CP), a rare
disease. It is linked to possibly elevated rates of morbidity and mortality. The difficulties in
diagnosis and treatment are addressed in this case report on cervical pregnancy, along with the
course of follow-up and ultimate result. After presenting with vaginal bleeding, a 30-year- old
lady was diagnosed with an impending miscarriage and treated conservatively rather than
surgically. Cervical ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed during the clinical examination, confirmed
by ultrasound on the second day of hospitalization, and successfully treated surgically.The follow
up went smoothly and had good outcomes.

AI AND DIVERSITY IN SPORTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENG

2024-06-30

Memon6
The decision-making processes of coaches and athletes as well as the improvement of audience engagement have
all been impacted by the integration of AI into the sports industry. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative
AI, has emerged as a key player in influencing socioeconomic development in a number of international areas in
recent years. There is no denying its influence; estimates indicate that it will increase at a rate of 19% per year and
might reach $900 billion by 2026.