A-CROSS SECTIONAL CLINICAL ASSESSMENT ON MENTAL HEALTH AND NEURODEGENERATIVE SYMPTOMS IN RETIRED INDIVIDUALS.

JPUMHS; 2025:15:01,223-228. http://doi.org/10.46536/jpumhs/2025/15.01.616

Abstract

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Retirement is a critical life transition that can impact cognitive health,
potentially contributing to neurodegenerative symptoms. Early detection of cognitive decline
in retired individuals is essential for timely intervention. This study assesses cognitive function
and neurodegenerative symptoms using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and
Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) in retired individuals. METHODS: After study approval
(24/IMCH/034), this cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2024 to July 2024
on 90 retired individuals (mean age: 68.5 ± 5.4 years) using questionnaire based consecutive
data collection technique following an informed consent. Cognitive function was evaluated
using MMSE and DRS-2. The association between cognitive scores and socio-demographic
variables was analyzed using chi-square tests, Pearson correlation, and multivariate regression.
A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean MMSE
score was 24.1 ± 3.7, with 31.1% of participants showing cognitive impairment (MMSE <24).
Cognitive decline was significantly associated with age (r = -0.42, p = 0.003) and years since
retirement (r = -0.37, p = 0.008). The mean DRS-2 score was 121.3 ± 9.2, with impaired
individuals showing lower scores in memory (p = 0.002), attention (p = 0.004), and
conceptualization (p < 0.001). Hypertension (OR = 2.6, p = 0.009) and social isolation (OR =
3.1, p = 0.004) were independent predictors of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION:
Cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative symptoms are prevalent in retired individuals,
with chronic illnesses and social isolation being key risk factors. MMSE and DRS-2
assessments provide valuable insights into early cognitive decline, highlighting the need for
targeted mental health strategies post-retirement.