ASSESSMENT OF VACCINE COLD CHAIN EQUIPMENT AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN GOVERNMENT HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN DISTRICT THARPARKAR.

J Peop Univ Med Health Sci. 2025:15(3), 144-154. http://doi.org/10.46536/jpumhs/2025/15.03.670

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Vaccination programs are essential for controlling infectious diseases, and their
effectiveness relies heavily on maintaining vaccine potency through proper storage and handling. The
vaccine cold chain system—comprising temperature-controlled environments for storage,
management, and transportation—is critical for ensuring vaccine efficacy. OBJECTIVE: Any lapse
in cold chain maintenance can lead to vaccine degradation, reducing effectiveness and posing serious
public health risks. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in
Tharparkar District, targeting government healthcare facilities providing vaccination services. Out of
189 total facilities, 21 were randomly selected using Open Epi software, with inclusion based on
accessibility and consent. Participants from these facilities were selected through convenient
sampling. Data were collected using a structured, written questionnaire covering knowledge,
perceptions, and practices regarding cold chain and vaccine management. RESULTS: The findings
revealed that all participants (100%) were aware of the recommended vaccine storage temperature.
However, only 57% correctly performed the shake test, and 85% accurately interpreted Vaccine Vial
Monitors (VVMs). Improper vaccine storage arrangements were observed in 52% of facilities.
Additionally, only 43% of the facilities kept daily temperature records, and just 33% maintained
accurate logs. Encouragingly, 81% of handlers adhered to the four-week open vial policy.
CONCLUSION: The study highlights significant shortcomings in cold chain management practices
across healthcare facilities in Tharparkar. Deficiencies in temperature monitoring, storage
arrangements, and documentation practices threaten vaccine potency and compromise immunization
efforts. Addressing these gaps through enhanced training, systematic monitoring, and resource
provision is crucial to safeguard public health and ensure effective vaccine delivery.