Cyanocobalamin Supresses The Stress Induced Apoptosis in Immune Organs

Abstract

Objective: The present study has been designed to observe the heat induced changes with Immunohistological markers on splenic tissue of albino rats and the anti - apoptotic role offered by the Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12). Study Design: Experimental study. Place & Duration: Department ofAnatomy, BMSI.JPMC, Karachi from November 2011 to February 2012. Material & Methods: A total of45 male albino rats between 60 — 90 days were selected and divided into control A ( Subgroups A 1 ,A2.A3 ), heat-induced B ( Subgroups B1,B2 .B3 I and protective C ( Subgroups C 1 ,C2,C3 ) groups. Group B animals received heat-stress between 42° C, for 6 hours daily for the 1 4 and 6 weeks according to the time duration of the subgroups. Group C animals receive protection with Cyanocobalamin ( BETOLVEX ) 0.8 mg/ kg and heat — induction same as in group B animals for the 2.4 and 6 weeks according to the time duration of the subgroups. Animals then sacrificed and spleens were removed. Formalin fixed paraffin — embedded, splenic tissue sections were obtained on Poly-L Lysine coated glass slides. Antigens retrieved by HIER techniques and stained with immunostains anti - CD3 and anti- CD 79a for the precise localization of the T and B lymphocytes within all compartments of the splenic white pulp. Five micron thick hematoxylin eosin sections were also prepared and diameter of the white pulp was measured along its maximum size at two perpendicular axes. Results: Immunostained sections of spleen with anti CD3 and anti CD79a shows a highly remarkable hypocellularity with apoptosis and necrosis of T and B lymphocytes in all compartments of the white pulp in heat induced group B animals. Marked changes seen in subgroups B2 and B3. This decrease cellularity reflects on the size of all compartments of the white pulp when measured in HIE sections, and they significantly decrease in size compare to the animals of the control group A. Whereas the microscopy and measurement of the Immunostained and HIE sections respectively of the group C animals shows a comparable size and cellularity with the animals of the control group A and significantly increase in size and cellularity compared to the group B animals. Conclusion: Findings of the current experimental study suggest that Cyanocobalamin has substantial immunomodulatory and anti — apoptotic effect in heat —stressed immune organs. In the current wave of the global warming the prophylactic use of the Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B l 2) stress induced apoptosis and its consequent morbidity and mortality.