ASSESSMENT OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) PATIENTS IN DIFFERENT CITIES OF PAKISTAN.

Abstract

ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND: A disorder known as chronic kidney disease affects the kidneys' normal filtration,
reabsorption, secretion, and other functions. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed for assessment of
biochemical parameters of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of non dialysis patients in different cities of
Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: A total of 135 patients who were diagnosed with different stages of
chronic kidney disease (CKD) and age above 40 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional observational
questionnaire and laboratory base study. Their demographic and disease-related biochemical parameters
were recorded and analyzed. Descriptive statistics was applied with frequency, percentage and Mean ±
SD for all variables. RESULTS: All the CKD patients had elevated creatinine, uric acid and urea levels.
The factors independently associated with CKD were older age, hypertension, diabetes, elevated systolic
blood pressure, low hemoglobin levels, elevated ESR and history of coronary heart disease. The incidence
of hypertension, diabetes, CHD and arthritis was 51.6%, 38.2, 21% and 28% respectively. Among
electrolyte disorders, Hyperphosphatemia (5.5±2.2), hypocalcemia (7.5±1.8), and hyperkalemia (5.1±1.9)
were found to be more prevalent in CKD patients. CONCLUSION: Biochemical and hematological
parameters are deranged in patients with chronic kidney disease. Routine evaluation of these parameters
is useful in the management of these patients.